It would have been ideal, if the terminal voltage of a source remains fixed whatever be the load connected to it. In other words, a voltage source should ideally provide a fixed terminal voltage even though the current drain (or load resistance) may vary. In Eq. 1, to make the terminal voltage fixed for any value of ZL, the only way is to make the internal impedance ZS zero. Thus, we infer that an ideal voltage source must have zero internal impedance. The symbolic representation of dc and ac ideal voltage sources are given in Fig. 1. And Figure 2 gives the characteristics of an ideal voltage source. The terminal voltage VT is seen to be constant at VS for all values of load current (load current varies as the load impedance is changed).
Fig. 1: Symbolic representation of an ideal voltage source: (a) DC voltage source (b) AC voltage source
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